“巔峰使命”珠峰科考于2022年4月28日全面啟動(dòng)，第二次青藏科考隊(duì)聯(lián)合西藏登山隊(duì)，組織了西風(fēng)-季風(fēng)協(xié)同作用、亞洲水塔變化、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)與生物多樣性、人類(lèi)活動(dòng)變化、地球動(dòng)力學(xué)勘測(cè)等5支科考分隊(duì)的16個(gè)科考小組共270余名科考隊(duì)員參與了此次活動(dòng)?！皫p峰使命”珠峰科考首次應(yīng)用先進(jìn)技術(shù)、方法和手段，創(chuàng)造了多項(xiàng)科學(xué)考察研究的世界紀(jì)錄：在海拔8830米成功架設(shè)了世界上海拔最高的自動(dòng)氣象站，首次建成了梯度聯(lián)網(wǎng)的巔峰站，實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)傳輸，成為地球之巔科學(xué)燈塔；首次利用高精度雷達(dá)測(cè)量了珠峰頂部的冰雪厚度并獲得連續(xù)冰雪厚度剖面準(zhǔn)確數(shù)據(jù)；首次取得海拔梯度間隔100米樣品支撐的珠峰頂部冰雪樣品；采用國(guó)內(nèi)自主研發(fā)的先進(jìn)儀器首次獲得珠峰地區(qū)地面到上空39公里的臭氧濃度及溫度、濕度、風(fēng)速與風(fēng)向的垂直變化；首次利用直升機(jī)觀測(cè)拉薩-珠峰地區(qū)大氣溫室氣體濃度；創(chuàng)造了浮空艇環(huán)境觀測(cè)的9032米最高海拔世界紀(jì)錄。“巔峰使命”珠峰科考是自2017年第二次青藏科考啟動(dòng)以來(lái)學(xué)科覆蓋面最廣、參加科考隊(duì)員最多、采用的儀器設(shè)備最先進(jìn)的綜合性科考，是人類(lèi)在珠峰地區(qū)開(kāi)展極高海拔綜合科學(xué)考察研究的一次壯舉。
Highest weather station set up on Qomolangma
Members of the Chinese scientific expedition team reach the summit of Qomolangma on Wednesday, setting up a weather station on the world's highest mountain. SONAM DORJE/XINHUA
Chinese researchers reached the top of Qomolangma on Wednesday and they installed the world's highest automatic weather station at an altitude of 8,800 meters to study the effects of climate change on the environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
The feat allowed Chinese scientists to directly collect data for the first time from the summit of the world's highest mountain, known as Mount Everest in the West.
It also marked a crucial milestone in China's second comprehensive scientific expedition to the plateau, which began in 2017, the scientific expedition team said.
Collecting and studying data from Qomolangma, at 8,849 meters above sea level, and its surroundings will yield valuable insight about the condition of local glaciers and mountain snow, which have been the water source for over 10 major rivers in Asia that nurture more than 2.5 billion people, the journal Science of the Total Environment reported.
It will also help scientists monitor and understand the global monsoon system and other important weather mechanisms so experts and policymakers can make informed decisions regarding climate change, biodiversity preservation and sustainable development.
At 12:46 pm on Wednesday, a team of 12 researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research and other institutions reached the top of Qomolangma, where they drilled an ice core and measured the thickness of the ice sheet using high definition radar.
Yao Tandong, a noted glaciologist and leader of the expedition, said Chinese scientists established eight weather stations from 5,200 to 8,800 meters above sea level as they traveled up the mountain.
Members of the Chinese scientific expedition team set off to the summit of Qomolangma on Wednesday. [Photo/Xinhua]
Four of the stations were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters. The installation at 8,800 meters is the world's highest automatic weather station, he told Xinhua News Agency.
This year, scientists will use advanced technologies to examine the changing environments and ecosystems on the mountain and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, as well as study the effects of human activity and climate change on the region, Yao said.
Since the mid-20th century, China has launched multiple research expeditions to Qomolangma, but due to limited resources and technologies, most of the studies were done at an altitude around 5 to 6 kilometers, and there was hardly any environmental data from above 8 kilometers, he said.
As a result, many key scientific questions were left unanswered, such as whether global warming can melt the ice at the top of Qomolangma, and how biodiversity, the ecosystem and composition of air pollutants can change as altitude increases to extreme heights.
China launched its first large-scale scientific expedition in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in 1973, with the goal of exploring and recording characteristics of the region, Yao said. The second expedition aims to build on that foundation and figure out how these features change over time.
Members of the Chinese scientific expedition team reach the summit of Qomolangma on Wednesday. [Photo/Xinhua]
Climbing Qomolangma is a critical objective for the second expedition. To tackle this mission, Yao said they have organized a massive party consisting of 16 teams and over 270 scientists and personnel, some of whom trained for over two years for the undertaking.
The party is also equipped with the most advanced scientific instruments available, which is a far cry from the first major scientific expedition decades ago, he said. "In the past, the three most commonly used tools for students were rock picks, compasses and notebooks. Only instructors could use cameras and barometers."
Now, researchers have access to drones, unmanned surface vehicles, weather balloons, airships and even helicopters, Yao said.
With the new equipment, along with strong government support and decades of hard work by scientists, China has become a global front-runner in fields such as glaciology, climate change and ecological studies related to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Yao said.
"As our research continues, I believe we will have more discoveries and developments to share with the world," he said.
Members of the Chinese scientific expedition team reach the summit of Qomolangma on Wednesday. [Photo/Xinhua]
A photo of Qomolangma taken on Wednesday. [Photo/Xinhua]
Source：http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202205/05/WS62730a27a310fd2b29e5a94a_1.html